A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was obtained from a mouse immunized with solubilized outer membrane proteins extracted from a bovine enterohemorrhagic strain of Escherichia coli (EHEC), O26. The MAb produced a strong immunoblot reaction at approximately 21 kDa for an O26 strain containing the intimin gene (eae) and verocytotoxin (VT), but not with an O26 eae- and VT-negative strain, or O157 eae- and VT-positive strains. The MAb was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format to screen strains from animal and human sources, and all reactive strains were characterized for the presence of eae and the gene encoding VT factors by PCR. The antigen was detected in a group of strains containing a high proportion of O26, the majority of which were eae positive with or without VT; these were isolated mostly from animal enteritis cases but included a small number of human enteric isolates. Nonreactors included eae-positive (with or without VT) O157 strains and one O26 strain. In a survey of mixed cultures from both animal and human enteric disease, ELISA-positive reactions were obtained from 7.1 to 11.2% of samples from bovine, porcine, ovine, and human sources. The two human O8 and ten animal O26 ELISA-reactive pure strains obtained from these samples contained six eae- and/or VT-positive strains; the other six strains lost their ELISA positivity following storage at -70 degrees C, after which none were found to contain either eae or VT factors. The association of the antigen detected by the MAb with significant enteropathogenic E. coli and EHEC virulence factors in isolates from both animal and human enteric infections indicates a diagnostic potential for the assay developed